III. There is substantial and credible information that President
Clinton lied under oath during his civil deposition when he
stated that he could not recall being alone with Monica
Lewinsky and when he minimized the number of gifts they had
exchanged.
The President testified to the grand jury and stated to the
Nation on August 17 that his testimony in his civil deposition
had been "legally accurate." Even apart from his answers about
the sexual relationship, the President's deposition testimony was
inaccurate on several other points.
During President Clinton's deposition in the Jones case,
Ms. Jones's attorneys asked the President many detailed questions
about the nature of his relationship with Ms. Lewinsky, apart
from whether the relationship was sexual. The questions
included: (i) whether the President had been alone with
Ms. Lewinsky in the White House and, if so, how many times; and
(ii) whether he and Ms. Lewinsky exchanged gifts.(118) Both issues
were important in determining the nature of the relationship.(119)
There is substantial and credible information that the
President lied under oath about those subjects.
A. There is substantial and credible information that President
Clinton lied under oath when he testified that he could not
specifically recall instances in which he was alone with
Monica Lewinsky.
1. The President's Civil Deposition Testimony
President Clinton was asked at his deposition whether he had
ever been alone with Ms. Lewinsky. He testified as follows:
Q: . . . At any time were you and Monica Lewinsky
together alone in the Oval Office?
[videotape shows approximately five-second
pause before answer]
WJC: I don't recall, but as I said, when she worked at the
legislative affairs office, they always had somebody
there on the weekends. I typically worked some on the
weekends. Sometimes they'd bring me things on the
weekends. She -- it seems to me she brought things to
me once or twice on the weekends. In that case,
whatever time she would be in there, drop it off,
exchange a few words and go, she was there. I don't
have any specific recollections of what the issues
were, what was going on, but when the Congress is
there, we're working all the time, and typically I
would do some work on one of the days of the weekends
in the afternoon.
Q: So I understand, your testimony is that it was
possible, then, that you were alone with her, but
you have no specific recollection of that ever
happening?
WJC: Yes, that's correct. It's possible that she, in,
while she was working there, brought something to
me and that at the time she brought it to me, she
was the only person there. That's possible.(120)
The President also was asked whether he had ever been alone
with Ms. Lewinsky in the hallway that runs from the Oval Office,
past the study, to the dining room and kitchen area.(121)
Q: At any time were you and Monica Lewinsky alone in
the hallway between the Oval Office and this
kitchen area?
WJC: I don't believe so, unless we were walking back to
the back dining room with the pizza.(122) I just, I
don't remember. I don't believe we were alone in
the hallway, no.(123)
The President was then asked about any times he may have
been alone in any room with Ms. Lewinsky:
Q: At any time have you and Monica Lewinsky ever been
alone together in any room of the White House?
WJC: I think I testified to that earlier. I think that
there is a, it is -- I have no specific
recollection, but it seems to me that she was on
duty on a couple of occasions working for the
legislative affairs office and brought me some
things to sign, something on the weekend. That's
-- I have a general memory of that.(124)
2. Evidence That Contradicts the President's Testimony
In the seven months preceding the President's grand jury
testimony on August 17, the OIC gathered substantial and credible
information that the President lied under oath in his deposition
statements about being alone with Monica Lewinsky.
First, Monica Lewinsky testified before the grand jury that
she was alone with the President on numerous occasions(125) and in
numerous areas, including the Oval Office,(126) Nancy Hernreich's
office,(127) the President's private study,(128) the private bathroom
across from the study,(129) and the hallway that leads from the Oval
Office to the private dining room.(130) Ms. Lewinsky confirmed that
she and the President were alone during sexual activity.(131)
Second, Betty Currie testified that President Clinton and
Ms. Lewinsky were alone together in the Oval Office area a number
of times.(132) She specifically remembered three occasions when the
President and Ms. Lewinsky were alone together: February 28,
1997,(133) early December 1997,(134) and December 28, 1997.(135)
Third, six current or former members of the Secret Service
testified that the President and Ms. Lewinsky were alone in the
Oval Office area -- Robert Ferguson,(136) Lewis Fox,(138) William
Bordley,(139) Nelson Garabito,(140) Gary Byrne,(141) and John Muskett.(142)
Fourth, White House steward Glen Maes testified that on some
weekend day after Christmas 1997,(143) the President came out of the
Oval Office, saw Ms. Lewinsky with a gift, and escorted her into
the Oval Office. Mr. Maes testified that the President and
Ms. Lewinsky were alone together for approximately eight minutes,
and then Ms. Lewinsky left.(144)
3. The President's Grand Jury Testimony
On August 17, 1998, the President testified to the grand
jury and began his testimony by reading a statement admitting
that he had been alone with Ms. Lewinsky:
When I was alone with Ms. Lewinsky on certain occasions
in early 1996 and once in early 1997, I engaged in
conduct that was wrong.(145)
The President acknowledged being alone with Ms. Lewinsky on
multiple occasions, although he could not pinpoint the precise
number.(146) Perhaps most important, the President admitted that he
was alone with Ms. Lewinsky on December 28, 1997,(147) less than
three weeks before his deposition in the Jones case. Indeed, he
acknowledged that he would have to have been an "exhibitionist"
for him not to have been alone with Ms. Lewinsky when they were
having sexual encounters.(148)
4. Summary
Substantial and credible information demonstrates that the
President made three false statements under oath in his civil
deposition regarding whether he had been alone with Ms. Lewinsky.
First, the President lied when he said "I don't recall" in
response to the question whether he had ever been alone with
Ms. Lewinsky. The President admitted to the grand jury that he
had been alone with Ms. Lewinsky. It is not credible that he
actually had no memory of this fact six months earlier,
particularly given that they were obviously alone when engaging
in sexual activity.
Second, when asked whether he had been alone with
Ms. Lewinsky in the hallway in the Oval Office, the President
answered, "I don't believe so, unless we were walking back to the
back dining room with the pizza."(149) That statement, too, was
false: Most of the sexual encounters between the President and
Ms. Lewinsky occurred in that hallway (and on other occasions,
they walked through the hallway to the dining room or study), and
it is not credible that the President would have forgotten this
fact.
Third, the President suggested at his civil deposition that
he had no specific recollection of being alone with Ms. Lewinsky
in the Oval Office, but had a general recollection that
Ms. Lewinsky may have brought him "papers to sign" on certain
occasions when she worked at the Legislative Affairs Office.(150)
This statement was false. Ms. Lewinsky did not bring him papers
for official purposes. To the contrary, "bringing papers" was
one of the sham "cover stories" that the President and
Ms. Lewinsky had originally crafted to conceal their sexual
relationship.(151) The fact that the President resorted to a
previously designed cover story when testifying under oath at the
Jones deposition confirms that he made these false denials in a
calculated manner with the intent and knowledge that they were
false.
The President had an obvious motive to lie in this respect.
He knew that it would appear odd for a President to have been
alone with a female intern or low-level staffer on so many
occasions. Such an admission might persuade Judge Wright to deny
any motion by Ms. Lewinsky to quash her deposition subpoena. It
also might prompt Ms. Jones's attorneys to oppose efforts by
Ms. Lewinsky not to be deposed and to ask specific questions of
Ms. Lewinsky about the times she was alone with the President.
It also might raise questions publicly if and when the
President's deposition became public; at least parts of the
deposition were likely to become public at trial, if not at the
summary judgment stage.
Because lying about their sexual relationship was
insufficient to avoid raising further questions, the President
also lied about being alone with Ms. Lewinsky -- or at least
feigned lack of memory as to specific occurrences.(152)
B. There is substantial and credible information that the
President lied under oath in his civil deposition about
gifts he exchanged with Monica Lewinsky.
During his civil deposition, the President also was asked
several questions about gifts he and Monica Lewinsky had
exchanged. The evidence demonstrates that he answered the
questions falsely. As with the questions about being alone,
truthful answers to these questions would have raised questions
about the nature of the relationship. Such answers also would
have been inconsistent with the understanding of the President
and Ms. Lewinsky that, in response to her subpoena, Ms. Lewinsky
would not produce all of the gifts she had received from the
President (an issue discussed more fully in Ground V).
1. The President's Civil Deposition Testimony About His
Gifts to Monica Lewinsky
During the President's deposition in the Jones case,
Ms. Jones's attorneys asked several questions about whether he
had given gifts to Monica Lewinsky.
Q: Well, have you ever given any gifts to Monica
Lewinsky?
WJC: I don't recall. Do you know what they were?
Q: A hat pin?
WJC: I don't, I don't remember. But I certainly,
I could have.
Q: A book about Walt Whitman?
WJC: I give -- let me just say, I give people a
lot of gifts, and when people are around I
give a lot of things I have at the White
House away, so I could have given her a gift,
but I don't remember a specific gift.
Q: Do you remember giving her a gold broach?
WJC: No.(153)
2. Evidence that Contradicts the President's Civil
Deposition Testimony
(i) Just three weeks before the President's deposition,
on December 28, 1997, President Clinton gave Ms. Lewinsky a
number of gifts, the largest number he had ever given her.(154)
They included a large Rockettes blanket, a pin of the New York
skyline, a marble-like bear's head from Vancouver, a pair of
sunglasses, a small box of cherry chocolates, a canvas bag from
the Black Dog, and a stuffed animal wearing a T-shirt from the
Black Dog.(155) Ms. Lewinsky produced the Rockettes blanket, the
bear's head, the Black Dog canvas bag, the Black Dog stuffed
animal, and the sunglasses to the OIC on July 29, 1998.(156)
(ii) The evidence also demonstrates that the President
gave Ms. Lewinsky a hat pin as a belated Christmas gift on
February 28, 1997.(157) The President and Ms. Lewinsky discussed
the hatpin on December 28, 1997, after Ms. Lewinsky received a
subpoena calling for her to produce all gifts from the President,
including any hat pins.(158) In her meeting with the President on
December 28, 1997, according to Ms. Lewinsky, "I mentioned that I
had been concerned about the hat pin being on the subpoena and he
said that that had sort of concerned him also and asked me if I
had told anyone that he had given me this hat pin and I said
no."(159) The President's secretary Betty Currie also testified
that she had previously discussed the hat pin with the
President.(160)
(iii) Ms. Lewinsky testified that the President gave
her additional gifts over the course of their relationship, such
as a brooch,(162) the book Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman,(163) an
Annie Lennox compact disk,(166) and a cigar.(167)
3. President's Civil Deposition Testimony About Gifts from
Monica Lewinsky to the President
When asked at his civil deposition in the Jones case whether
Monica Lewinsky had ever given him gifts, President Clinton
testified as follows:
Q: Has Monica Lewinsky ever given you any gifts?
WJC: Once or twice. I think she's given me a book or two.
Q: Did she give you a silver cigar box?
WJC: No.
Q: Did she give you a tie?
WJC: Yes, she has given me a tie before. I believe that's
right. Now, as I said, let me remind you, normally
when I get these ties, I get ties, you know, together,
and then they're given to me later, but I believe that
she has given me a tie.(168)
>
4. Evidence that Contradicts the President's Testimony
(i) Monica Lewinsky's Testimony
The evidence reveals that Ms. Lewinsky gave the President
approximately 38 gifts; she says she almost always brought a gift
or two when she visited.(170)
a. Ms. Lewinsky testified before the grand jury that she
gave the President six neckties.(171)
b. Ms. Lewinsky testified that she gave the President a
pair of sunglasses on approximately October 22, 1997.(172) The
President's attorney, David E. Kendall, stated in a letter on
March 16, 1998: "We believe that Ms. Lewinsky might have given
the President a few additional items, such as ties and a pair of
sunglasses, but we have not been able to locate these items."(173)
c. On November 13, 1997, Ms. Lewinsky gave the President an
antique paperweight that depicted the White House.(174) Ms.
Lewinsky testified that on December 6, 1997, and possibly again
on December 28, 1997, she saw this paperweight in the dining
room, where the President keeps many items of political
memorabilia.(175) The President turned over the paperweight to the
OIC in response to a second subpoena calling for it.(176)
d. Ms. Lewinsky gave the President at least seven books:
The Presidents of the United States, on
January 4, 1998;(177)
The Notebook, on August 16, 1997;(182)
her personal copy of Vox, a novel about phone
sex, on March 29, 1997.(187)
e. Ms. Lewinsky gave the President an antique cigar holder,
on December 6, 1997.(188)
f. Ms. Lewinsky testified that she gave the President a
number of additional gifts.(189) >
5. Grand Jury Testimony of the President and Ms. Currie
When he testified to the grand jury, President Clinton
acknowledged giving Monica Lewinsky several gifts, stating that
"it was a right thing to do to give her gifts back."(190) He
acknowledged giving her gifts on December 28, 1997,(191) just three
weeks before the civil deposition.
During the criminal investigation, the President has
produced seven gifts that Ms. Lewinsky gave him. He testified to
the grand jury that Ms. Lewinsky had given him "a tie, a coffee
cup, a number of other things I had."(192) In addition, the
President acknowledged that "there were some things that had been
in my possession that I no longer had, I believe."(193)
Betty Currie testified that Ms. Lewinsky sent a number of
packages for the President -- six or eight, she estimated.(194)
Ms. Lewinsky also sometimes dropped parcels off or had family
members do so.(195) When the packages came to the White House,
Ms. Currie would leave the packages from Ms. Lewinsky in the
President's box outside the Oval Office, and "[h]e would pick
[them] up."(196) To the best of her knowledge, such parcels always
reached the President: "The President got everything anyone sent
him."(197) Ms. Currie testified that to her knowledge, no one
delivered packages or something as many times as Ms. Lewinsky
did.(198)
6. Summary
The President stated in his civil deposition that he could
not recall whether he had ever given any gifts to Ms. Lewinsky;(199)
that he could not remember whether he had given her a hat pin
although "certainly, I could have"; and that he had received a
gift from Ms. Lewinsky only "once or twice."(200) In fact, the
evidence demonstrates that they exchanged numerous gifts of
various kinds at many points over a lengthy period of time.
Indeed, on December 28, only three weeks before the deposition,
they had discussed the hat pin. Also on December 28, the
President had given Ms. Lewinsky a number of gifts, more than he
had ever given her before.
A truthful answer to the questions about gifts at the Jones
deposition would have raised further questions about the
President's relationship with Monica Lewinsky. The number itself
would raise questions about the relationship and prompt further
questions about specific gifts; some of the specific gifts (such
as Vox and Leaves of Grass) would raise questions whether the
relationship was sexual and whether the President had lied in
denying that their relationship was sexual. Ms. Lewinsky
explained the point: Had they admitted the gifts, it would "at
least prompt [the Jones attorneys] to want to question me about
what kind of friendship I had with the President and they would
want to speculate and they'd leak it and my name would be trashed
and he [the President] would be in trouble."(201)
A truthful answer about the gifts to Ms. Lewinsky also would
have raised the question of where they were. Ms. Lewinsky had
been subpoenaed for gifts, as the President knew. The President
knew also from his conversation with Ms. Lewinsky on December 28,
1997 (an issue discussed more fully in Ground V) that
Ms. Lewinsky would not produce all of the gifts she had received
from the President.
For those reasons, the President had a clear motive when
testifying under oath to lie about the gifts.
IV. There is substantial and credible information that the
President lied under oath during his civil deposition
concerning conversations he had with Monica Lewinsky about
her involvement in the Jones case.
President Clinton was asked during his civil deposition
whether he had discussed with Ms. Lewinsky the possibility of her
testifying in the Jones case. He also was asked whether he knew
that she had been subpoenaed at the time he last had spoken to
her.
There is substantial and credible information that the
President lied under oath in answering these questions. A false
statement about these conversations was necessary in order to
avoid raising questions whether the President had tampered with a
prospective witness in the civil lawsuit against him.
A. Conversations with Ms. Lewinsky Regarding the Possibility of
Her Testifying in the Jones Case >
1. President Clinton's Testimony in His Deposition
In the President's civil deposition, he was asked about any
discussions he might have had with Monica Lewinsky about the
Jones case:
Q: Have you ever talked to Monica Lewinsky about the
possibility that she might be asked to testify in this
lawsuit?
[videotape indicates an approximately 14-second
pause before answer]
WJC: I'm not sure, and let me tell you why I'm not sure. It
seems to me the, the, the -- I want to be as accurate
as I can here. Seems to me the last time she was there
to see Betty before Christmas we were joking about how
you-all [Ms. Jones's attorneys], with the help of the
Rutherford Institute, were going to call every woman
I'd ever talked to . . . and ask them that, and so I
said you [Ms. Lewinsky] would qualify, or something
like that. I don't, I don't think we ever had more of
a conversation than that about it, but I might have
mentioned something to her about it, because when I saw
how long the witness list was, or I heard about it,
before I saw, but actually by the time I saw it her
name was on it, but I think that was after all this had
happened. I might have said something like that, so I
don't want to say for sure I didn't, because I might
have said something like that.
* * * *
Q: What, if anything, did Monica Lewinsky say in response?
WJC: Nothing that I remember. Whatever she said, I don't
remember. Probably just some predictable thing.(202)
2. Evidence that Contradicts the President's Civil
Deposition Testimony
(i) Ms. Lewinsky's Testimony
Ms. Lewinsky testified that she spoke three times to
President Clinton about the prospect of testifying in the Jones
lawsuit -- once (December 17, 1997) after she was on the witness
list and twice more (December 28, 1997, and January 5, 1998)
after she had been subpoenaed.
a. December 17, 1997, Call. Ms. Lewinsky testified that
President Clinton called her at about 2:00 a.m. on December 17,
1997. First, he told her that Ms. Currie's brother had died;
then he told Ms. Lewinsky that she was on the witness list in the
Jones case. According to Ms. Lewinsky, "[h]e told me that it
didn't necessarily mean that I would be subpoenaed, but that that
was a possibility, and if I were to be subpoenaed, that I should
contact Betty and let Betty know that I had received the
subpoena."(203) Ms. Lewinsky said that the President told her that
she might be able to sign an affidavit to avoid being deposed.(204)
According to Ms. Lewinsky, the President also told her, "You
know, you can always say you were coming to see Betty or that you
were bringing me letters."(205) Ms. Lewinsky took that statement to
be a reminder of the false "cover stories" that they had used
earlier in the relationship.(206)
b. December 28, 1997, Visit. Ms. Lewinsky was subpoenaed
on December 19. At her request, Vernon Jordan told the President
that Ms. Lewinsky had been subpoenaed.(207) She then met with
President Clinton nine days later on December 28, less than three
weeks before the President was deposed.
According to Ms. Lewinsky, she and the President discussed
the Jones lawsuit and how the Jones lawyers might have learned
about her. Ms. Lewinsky said they also discussed the subpoena's
requirement that she produce gifts she had received from the
President, including specifically a "hat pin."(208)
Because of their mutual concern about the subpoena,
Ms. Lewinsky testified that she asked the President if she should
put the gifts away somewhere.(209) The President responded "I don't
know" or "Hmm" or "Let me think about it."(210) Later that day,
according to Ms. Lewinsky, Ms. Currie called to pick up the
gifts, which she then stored under her bed in her home in
Virginia.(211) (This issue will be discussed more fully in Ground V
below.)
c. January 5, 1998, Call. Ms. Lewinsky also testified that
she spoke to the President by telephone on January 5, 1998, and
they continued to discuss her role in the Jones case. Ms.
Lewinsky expressed concern that, if she were deposed, she might
have a difficult time explaining the circumstances of her
transfer from the White House to the Pentagon. According to
Ms. Lewinsky, the President suggested that she answer by
explaining that people in the White House Legislative Affairs
office had helped her get the Pentagon job -- which Ms. Lewinsky
understood to be a misleading answer because she in fact had been
transferred as a result of her being around the Oval Office too
much.(212)
(ii) The President's Grand Jury Testimony
When the President testified to the grand jury, the
President admitted that Ms. Lewinsky visited him on December 28,
1997,(214) and that during that visit, they discussed her
involvement in the Jones case:
WJC: . . . I remember a conversation about the
possibility of her testifying. I believe it must
have occurred on the 28th.
She mentioned to me that she did not want to
testify. So, that's how it came up. Not in the
context of, I heard you have a subpoena, let's
talk about it.
She raised the issue with me in the context
of her desire to avoid testifying, which I
certainly understood; not only because there were
some embarrassing facts about our relationship
that were inappropriate, but also because a whole
lot of innocent people were being traumatized and
dragged through the mud by these Jones lawyers
with their dragnet strategy. . . .(215)
* * * *
Q: . . . Do you agree that she was upset about being
subpoenaed?
WJC: Oh, yes, sir, she was upset. She -- well, she--
we -- she didn't -- we didn't talk about a
subpoena. But she was upset. She said, I don't
want to testify; I know nothing about this; I
certainly know nothing about sexual harassment;
why do they want me to testify. And I explained
to her why they were doing this, and why all these
women were on these lists, people that they knew
good and well had nothing to do with any sexual
harassment.(216)
3. Summary
There is substantial and credible information that President
Clinton lied under oath in his civil deposition in answering "I'm
not sure" when asked whether he had talked to Ms. Lewinsky about
the prospect of her testifying. In fact, he had talked to
Ms. Lewinsky about it on three occasions in the month preceding
his civil deposition, as Ms. Lewinsky's testimony makes clear.
The President's motive to lie in his civil deposition on
this point is evident. Had he admitted talking to Ms. Lewinsky
about the possibility that she might be asked to testify, that
would have raised the specter of witness tampering. Such an
admission likely would have led Ms. Jones's attorneys to inquire
further into that subject with both the President and
Ms. Lewinsky. Furthermore, had the President admitted talking to
Ms. Lewinsky about her testifying, that conversation would have
attracted public inquiry into the conversation and the general
relationship between the President and Ms. Lewinsky.
B. There is substantial and credible information that President
Clinton lied under oath in his civil deposition when he
denied knowing that Ms. Lewinsky had received her subpoena
at the time he had last talked to her.
1. Evidence
In his civil deposition, President Clinton testified that
the last time he had spoken to Ms. Lewinsky was in December 1997
(the month before the deposition), "[p]robably sometime before
Christmas."(217) The President was asked:
Q: Did [Ms. Lewinsky] tell you she had been served with a
subpoena in this case?
WJC: No. I don't know if she had been.(218)
Vernon Jordan testified that he had told the President about
the subpoena on December 19, 1997, after he had talked to
Ms. Lewinsky. Ms. Lewinsky confirmed that Mr. Jordan had told
her on December 22, 1997, that he (Mr. Jordan) had told the
President of her subpoena.(219)
When he testified to the grand jury, the President stated
that in his conversation with Ms. Lewinsky on December 28, 1997,
"my recollection is I knew by then, of course, that she had
gotten a subpoena. And I knew that she was, therefore, . . .
slated to testify."(220)
Ms. Lewinsky testified that she and the President had two
conversations after she was subpoenaed: the December 28, 1997,
meeting and a January 5, 1998, phone conversation.(221)
2. Summary
There is substantial and credible information that the
President lied under oath in his civil deposition by answering "I
don't know if she had been" subpoenaed when describing his last
conversation with Ms. Lewinsky. In fact, he knew that she had
been subpoenaed. Given that the conversation with Ms. Lewinsky
occurred in the few weeks immediately before the President's
civil deposition, he could not have forgotten the conversation.
As a result, there is no plausible conclusion except that the
President intentionally lied in this answer.
During the civil deposition, the President also falsely
dated his last conversation with Ms. Lewinsky as "probably
sometime before Christmas," which implied that it might have been
before the December 19 subpoena. Because Ms. Lewinsky had been
subpoenaed on December 19, that false statement about the date of
the conversation was a corollary to his other false statement
(that he did not know she had been subpoenaed at the time of
their last conversation).
The President's motive to lie in his civil deposition on the
subpoena issue is evident. Had he admitted talking to
Ms. Lewinsky after her subpoena, that would have raised the
specter of witness tampering, which could have triggered legal
and public scrutiny of the President.
V. There is substantial and credible information that President
Clinton endeavored to obstruct justice by engaging in a
pattern of activity to conceal evidence regarding his
relationship with Monica Lewinsky from the judicial process
in the Jones case. The pattern included:
(i) concealment of gifts that the President had
given Ms. Lewinsky and that were subpoenaed
from Ms. Lewinsky in the Jones case; and
(ii) concealment of a note sent by Ms. Lewinsky to
the President on January 5, 1998.
From the beginning, President Clinton and Monica Lewinsky
hoped and expected that their relationship would remain secret.
They took active steps, when necessary, to conceal the
relationship. The President testified that "I hoped that this
relationship would never become public."(222)
Once the discovery process in the Jones case became an issue
(particularly after the Supreme Court's unanimous decision on May
27, 1997, that ordered the case to go forward), their continuing
efforts to conceal the relationship took on added legal
significance. The risks to the President of disclosure of the
relationship dramatically increased.
An effort to obstruct justice by withholding the truth from
the legal process -- whether by lying under oath, concealing
documents, or improperly influencing a witness's testimony -- is
a federal crime.(223) There is substantial and credible information
that President Clinton engaged in such efforts to prevent the
truth of his relationship with Monica Lewinsky from being
revealed in the Jones case.
A. Concealment of Gifts
1. Evidence Regarding Gifts
Ms. Lewinsky testified that in the early morning of December
17, at roughly 2:00 or 2:30 a.m., she received a call from the
President.(224) Among other subjects, the President mentioned that
he had Christmas presents for her.(225)
On December 19, 1997, Monica Lewinsky was served with a
subpoena in connection with the Jones v. Clinton litigation. The
subpoena required her to testify at a deposition on January 23,
1998.(226) The subpoena also required Ms. Lewinsky to produce "each
and every gift including, but not limited to, any and all
dresses, accessories, and jewelry, and/or hat pins given to you
by, or on behalf of, Defendant Clinton."(227) After being served
with the subpoena, Ms. Lewinsky became concerned because the list
of gifts included the hat pin, which "screamed out at me because
that was the first gift that the President had given me."(228)
Later that same day, December 19, 1997, Ms. Lewinsky met
with Vernon Jordan and told him of her concern about the gifts,
including the hat pin.(229) During that meeting, Ms. Lewinsky asked
Mr. Jordan to inform the President that she had been
subpoenaed.(230) Mr. Jordan acknowledged that Ms. Lewinsky "was
concerned about the subpoena and I think for her the subpoena
ipso facto meant trouble."(231)
Shortly after Christmas, Ms. Lewinsky called Ms. Currie and
said that the President had mentioned that he had presents for
her.(232) Ms. Currie called back and told her to come to the White
House at 8:30 a.m. on Sunday, December 28, 1997.(233) On December
28, Ms. Lewinsky and the President met in the Oval Office.
According to her testimony, Ms. Lewinsky "mentioned that [she]
had been concerned about the hat pin being on the subpoena and he
said that that had sort of concerned him also and asked [her] if
[she] had told anyone that he had given [her] this hat pin and
[she] said no."(234) According to Ms. Lewinsky, she and the
President discussed the possibility of moving some of the gifts
out of her possession:
[A]t some point I said to him, "Well, you know, should
I -- maybe I should put the gifts away outside my house
somewhere or give them to someone, maybe Betty." And
he sort of said -- I think he responded, "I don't know"
or "Let me think about that." And [we] left that
topic.(235)
Ms. Lewinsky testified that she was never under the impression
from anything the President said that she should turn over to Ms.
Jones's attorneys all the gifts that he had given her.(236)
On the 28th, the President also gave Ms. Lewinsky several
Christmas gifts. When asked why the President gave her more
gifts on December 28 when he understood she was under an
obligation to produce gifts in response to the subpoena,
Ms. Lewinsky stated:
You know, I can't answer what [the President] was
thinking, but to me, it was -- there was never a
question in my mind and I -- from everything he said to
me, I never questioned him, that we were never going to
do anything but keep this private, so that meant deny
it and that meant do -- take whatever appropriate steps
needed to be taken, you know, for that to happen
. . . . So by turning over all these gifts, it would
at least prompt [the Jones attorneys] to want to
question me about what kind of friendship I had with
the President and they would want to speculate and
they'd leak it and my name would be trashed and he [the
President] would be in trouble.(237)
Ms. Lewinsky testified that a few hours after their meeting
on December 28, 1997, Ms. Currie called her.(238) According to
Ms. Lewinsky, Ms. Currie said: "'I understand you have something
to give me.' Or, 'The President said you have something to give
me' -- [Something] [a]long those lines."(239) In her February 1
handwritten statement to the OIC, which Ms. Lewinsky has
testified was truthful, she stated: "Ms. Currie called Ms. L
later that afternoon a[nd] said that the Pres. had told her
[that] Ms. L wanted her to hold onto something for her. Ms. L
boxed up most of the gifts she had received and gave them to
Ms. Currie."(240)
Ms. Lewinsky testified that she understood that Ms. Currie
was referring to gifts from the President when she mentioned
"something for me."(241) Ms. Lewinsky testified that she was not
surprised to receive the call, given her earlier discussion with
the President.(242)
Ms. Currie testified that Ms. Lewinsky, not Ms. Currie,
placed the call and raised the subject of transferring the gifts.
In Ms. Currie's account, Ms. Lewinsky said that she
(Ms. Lewinsky) was uncomfortable retaining the gifts herself
because "people were asking questions about the stuff she had
gotten."(243) Ms. Currie also testified that she did not remember
the President telling her that Ms. Lewinsky wanted her to hold
some items, and she did not remember later telling the President
that she was holding the gifts for Ms. Lewinsky.(244) When asked if
a contrary statement by Ms. Lewinsky -- indicating that
Ms. Currie had in fact spoken to the President about the gift
transfer -- would be false, Ms. Currie replied: "Then she may
remember better than I. I don't remember."(245)
According to both Ms. Currie and Ms. Lewinsky, Ms. Currie
drove to Ms. Lewinsky's home later on December 28 for only the
second time in her life.(246) Ms. Lewinsky gave her a sealed box
that contained several gifts Ms. Lewinsky had received from the
President, including the hat pin and one of the gifts he had
given her that very morning.(247) Ms. Lewinsky wrote "Please do not
throw away" on the box.(248) Ms. Currie then took the box and
placed it in her home under her bed. Ms. Currie understood that
the box contained gifts from the President, although she did not
know the specific contents.(249) Ms. Lewinsky said that Ms. Currie
did not seem at all confused when Ms. Lewinsky handed over the
box of gifts(250) and never asked about the contents.(251)
When Ms. Currie later produced the box to the OIC in
response to a subpoena, the box contained a hat pin, two
brooches, an inscribed official copy of the 1996 State of the
Union Address, a photograph of the President in the Oval Office,
an inscribed photograph of the President and Ms. Lewinsky, a sun
dress, two t-shirts, and a baseball cap with a Black Dog logo.(252)
2. The President's Grand Jury Testimony
President Clinton testified that he had spoken to
Ms. Lewinsky about gifts he had given her, but said the
conversation may have occurred before she received the subpoena
on December 19. He testified:
I did have a conversation with Ms. Lewinsky at some
time about gifts, the gifts I'd given her. I do not
know whether it occurred on the 28th, or whether it
occurred earlier. I do not know whether it occurred in
person or whether it occurred on the telephone. I have
searched my memory for this, because I know it's an
important issue. . . . The reason I'm not sure it
happened on the 28th is that my recollection is that
Ms. Lewinsky said something to me like, what if they
ask me about the gifts you've given me. That's the
memory I have. That's why I question whether it
happened on the 28th, because she had a subpoena with
her, request for production. And I told her that if
they asked her for gifts, she'd have to give them
whatever she had, that that's what the law was.(253)
The President denied that he had asked Betty Currie to pick
up a box of gifts from Ms. Lewinsky:
Q: After you gave her the gifts on December 28th
[1997], did you speak with your secretary,
Ms. Currie, and ask her to pick up a box of gifts
that were some compilation of gifts that
Ms. Lewinsky would have --
WJC: No, sir, I didn't do that.
Q: -- to give to Ms. Currie?
WJC: I did not do that.(254)
* * * *
Q: [D]id you ever have a conversation with Betty
Currie about gifts, or picking something up from
Monica Lewinsky?
WJC: I don't believe I did, sir. No.
Q: You never told her anything to this effect, that
Monica has something to give you?
WJC: No, sir.(255)
3. Summary of Gifts
The uncontroverted evidence demonstrates that the President
had given gifts to Ms. Lewinsky before December 28, 1997; that
the President told Ms. Lewinsky on the phone on December 17,
1997, that he had more gifts for her; that Ms. Lewinsky met with
the President at the White House on December 28; that on the
28th, Ms. Lewinsky was concerned about retaining possession of
the gifts the President had previously given her because they
were under subpoena; that on the 28th, the President gave several
Christmas gifts to Ms. Lewinsky; and that after that meeting,
Ms. Lewinsky transferred some gifts (including one of the new
gifts) to the President's personal secretary, Ms. Currie, who
stored them under her bed in her home.
Ms. Lewinsky testified that she spoke to the President on
December 28 about the gifts called for by the subpoena -- in
particular, the hat pin. The President agreed that they talked
about gifts, but suggested that the conversation might have taken
place before Ms. Lewinsky was subpoenaed on December 19. The
President said, however, that his memory is unclear on the
timing.(256)
The testimony conflicts as to what happened when
Ms. Lewinsky raised the subject of gifts with the President and
what happened later that day. The President testified that he
told Ms. Lewinsky that "you have to give them whatever you
have."(257) According to Ms. Lewinsky, she raised the possibility
of hiding the gifts, and the President offered a somewhat neutral
response.
Ms. Lewinsky testified that Betty Currie called her to
retrieve the gifts soon after Ms. Lewinsky's conversation with
the President. Ms. Currie says that she believes that
Ms. Lewinsky called her about the gifts, but she says she has a
dim memory of the events.(258)
The central factual question is whether the President
orchestrated or approved the concealment of the gifts. The
reasonable inference from the evidence is that he did.
1. The witnesses disagree about whether Ms. Currie called
Ms. Lewinsky or Ms. Lewinsky called Ms. Currie. That issue is
relevant because Ms. Currie would not have called Ms. Lewinsky
about the gifts unless the President directed her to do so.
Indeed, because she did not know of the gifts issue, there is no
other way that Ms. Currie could have known to make such a call
unless the President told her to do so.
Ms. Lewinsky's testimony on the issue is consistent and
unequivocal. In her February 1, 1998, handwritten statement, she
wrote: "Ms. Currie called Ms. L later that afternoon a[nd] said
that the Pres. had told her Ms. L wanted her to hold onto
something for her."(259) In her grand jury testimony, Ms. Lewinsky
said that several hours after she left the White House,
Ms. Currie called and said something along the lines of "The
President said you have something to give me."(260)
Ms. Currie's testimony is contrary but less clear.
Ms. Currie has stated that Ms. Lewinsky called her, but her
memory of the conversation, in contrast to Ms. Lewinsky's,
generally has been hazy and uncertain. As to whether she had
talked to the President about the gifts, for example, Ms. Currie
initially said she had not, but then said that Ms. Lewinsky (who
said that Ms. Currie had talked to the President) "may remember
better than I. I don't remember."(261)
Ms. Lewinsky's testimony makes more sense than Ms. Currie's
testimony. First, Ms. Lewinsky stated that if Ms. Currie had not
called, Ms. Lewinsky simply would have kept the gifts (and
perhaps thrown them away).(262) She would not have produced the
gifts to Ms. Jones's attorneys. And she would not have given
them to a friend or mother because she did not want to get anyone
else involved.(263) She was not looking for someone else to take
them.(264)
Also, Ms. Currie drove to Ms. Lewinsky's house to pick up
the gifts. That was only the second time that Ms. Currie had
ever gone there.(265) More generally, the person making the extra
effort (in this case, Ms. Currie) is ordinarily the person
requesting the favor.
2. Even if Ms. Lewinsky is mistaken and she did call
Ms. Currie first, the evidence still leads clearly to the
conclusion that the President orchestrated this transfer.
First, it is unlikely that Ms. Lewinsky would have involved
Ms. Currie in this matter unless the President had indicated his
assent when Ms. Lewinsky raised the issue with him earlier in the
day. Indeed, there is a logical flaw in the President's story:
If the President had truly suggested that Ms. Lewinsky produce
the gifts to Ms. Jones's attorneys, Ms. Lewinsky obviously would
not have turned around and called the President's personal
secretary to give the gifts to her, in direct contravention of
the President's instruction.
Second, it also is unlikely that Ms. Currie would have
driven to Ms. Lewinsky's home, retrieved the gifts from
Ms. Lewinsky, and stored them under her bed at home without being
asked to do so by the President -- at least, without checking
with him. It would have been out of character for Ms. Currie to
have taken such an action without the President's approval. For
example, when helping Ms. Lewinsky in her job search, Ms. Currie
said that she told the President of her plans and agreed that she
"would not have tried to get Ms. Lewinsky a job if . . . [I]
thought the President didn't want [me] to."(266)
3. Even if the President did not orchestrate the transfer
to Ms. Currie, there is still substantial evidence that he
encouraged the concealment and non-production of the gifts by
Ms. Lewinsky. The President "hoped that this relationship would
never become public."(267) The President gave Ms. Lewinsky new
gifts on December 28, 1997. Given his desire to conceal the
relationship, it makes no sense that the President would have
given Ms. Lewinsky more gifts on the 28th unless he and
Ms. Lewinsky understood that she would not produce all of her
gifts in response to her subpoena.
4. The President had a motive to orchestrate the
concealment of gifts, whether accomplished through Ms. Currie
indirectly or through Ms. Lewinsky directly. The President knew
that Ms. Lewinsky was concerned about the subpoena. Both of them
were concerned that the gifts might raise questions about the
relationship. By confirming that the gifts would not be
produced, the President ensured that these questions would not
arise.
The concealment of the gifts also ensured that the President
could provide false and misleading statements about the gifts
under oath at his deposition (as he did) without being concerned
that Ms. Lewinsky might have produced gifts that the President
was denying (or minimizing the number of). If Ms. Lewinsky had
produced to Ms. Jones's attorneys all of the gifts that she had
given to Ms. Currie, then the President could not plausibly have
said "I don't recall" in response to the question, "[H]ave you
ever given any gifts to Monica Lewinsky?" He could not have
said, "I don't remember a specific gift."(268) Indeed, unless the
President knew that Ms. Lewinsky had not complied with the
subpoena, it is unlikely he would have risked lying about the
number and nature of the gifts he had given her.
In analyzing the evidence on this issue, it also bears
mention that President Clinton likely operated no differently
with respect to the gifts than he did with respect to testimony.
It is clear that he lied under oath and that Ms. Lewinsky filed a
false affidavit after the President suggested she file an
affidavit. So there is little reason that he would not have
attempted to ensure (whether directly or subtly) that
Ms. Lewinsky conceal the gifts as a corollary to their mutual
lies under oath. (Also, it was the President's pattern to use
Ms. Currie as an intermediary in dealing with Ms. Lewinsky.(269))
The President's apparent response to all of this is that
Ms. Lewinsky on her own contacted Ms. Currie and involved her in
this endeavor to hide subpoenaed evidence, and that Ms. Currie
complied without checking with the President. Based on the
testimony and behavior of both Ms. Currie and Ms. Lewinsky, those
inferences fall outside the range of reasonable possibility.
There is substantial and credible information, therefore,
that the President endeavored to obstruct justice by
participating in the concealment of subpoenaed evidence.
B. January 5, 1998, Note to the President
1. Evidence Regarding the January 5, 1998 Note
On December 16, 1997, the President was served by
Ms. Jones's attorneys with a request for production of documents,
including documents relating to "Monica Lewisky" [sic]. The
request placed upon the President a continuing obligation to
preserve and produce responsive documents. Notes and letters
from Ms. Lewinsky were responsive and relevant.
On January 4, 1998, Ms. Lewinsky left a book for the
President with Ms. Currie.(270) Ms. Lewinsky had enclosed in the
book a romantic note that she had written, inspired by a recent
viewing of the movie Titanic.(271) In the note, Ms. Lewinsky told
the President that she wanted to have sexual intercourse with
him, at least once.(272)
On January 5, in the course of discussing her affidavit and
possible testimony in a phone conversation with the President,
Ms. Lewinsky says she told the President, "I shouldn't have
written some of those things in the note."(273) According to
Ms. Lewinsky, the President said that he agreed and that she
should not write those kinds of things on paper.(274)
On January 15, President Clinton served responses to
Ms. Jones's second set of document requests, which again asked
for documents that related to "Monica Lewisky." The President
stated that he had "no documents" responsive to this request.(275)
2. President Clinton's Testimony
>The President remembered the book Ms. Lewinsky had given him
about the Presidents and testified that he "did like it a lot."(276)
President Clinton testified that he did not recall a romantic
note enclosed in the book or when he had received it.(277)
3. Summary on January 5, 1998, Note
The request for production of documents that the President
received from Ms. Jones's attorneys called for all documents
reflecting communications between him and Ms. Lewinsky. The note
given to him by Ms. Lewinsky on January 5, 1998, fell within that
category and would have been revealing about the relationship.
Indeed, had the note been produced, the President might have been
foreclosed from denying a sexual relationship at his deposition.
Based on Ms. Lewinsky's testimony, there is substantial and
credible information that the President concealed or destroyed
this note at a time when such documents were called for by the
request for production of documents.(278)
VI. There is substantial and credible information that
(i) President Clinton and Ms. Lewinsky had an understanding
that they would lie under oath in the Jones case about
their relationship; and
(ii) President Clinton endeavored to obstruct justice by
suggesting that Ms. Lewinsky file an affidavit so that
she would not be deposed, she would not contradict his
testimony, and he could attempt to avoid questions
about Ms. Lewinsky at his deposition.
Based on their conversations and their past practice, both
the President and Ms. Lewinsky understood that they would lie
under oath in the Jones case about their sexual relationship, as
part of a scheme to obstruct justice in the Jones case. In
pursuing this effort:
the President suggested that Monica Lewinsky file
an affidavit, which he knew would be false;
the President had an interest in Ms. Lewinsky's
false affidavit because it would "lock in" her
testimony, allowing the President to deny the
sexual relationship under oath without fear of
contradiction;
Ms. Lewinsky signed and, on January 16, sent to
the Court the false affidavit denying a sexual
relationship with the President as part of a
motion to quash her deposition subpoena;
the President's attorney used the affidavit to
object to questions about Ms. Lewinsky at his
January 17 deposition; and
when that failed, the President also lied under
oath about the relationship with Ms. Lewinsky at
his civil deposition, including by the use of
"cover stories" that he and Ms. Lewinsky had
devised.
A. Evidence Regarding Affidavit and Use of Affidavit
Monica Lewinsky testified that President Clinton called her
at around 2:00 or 2:30 a.m. on December 17, 1997,(279) and told her
that her name was on the Jones case witness list.(280) As noted in
her February 1 handwritten statement: "When asked what to do if
she was subpoenaed, the Pres. suggested she could sign an
affidavit . . . ."(281) Ms. Lewinsky said she is "100% sure" that
the President suggested that she might want to sign an
affidavit.(282)
Ms. Lewinsky understood the President's advice to mean that
she might be able to execute an affidavit that would not disclose
the true nature of their relationship. In order "to prevent me
from being deposed," she said she would need an affidavit that
"could range from anywhere between maybe just somehow mentioning,
you know, innocuous things or going as far as maybe having to
deny any kind of relationship."(283)
Ms. Lewinsky has stated that the President never explicitly
told her to lie. Instead, as she explained, they both understood
from their conversations that they would continue their pattern
of covering up and lying about the relationship. In that regard,
the President never said they must now tell the truth under oath;
to the contrary, as Ms. Lewinsky stated:
[I]t wasn't as if the President called me and said,
"You know, Monica, you're on the witness list, this is
going to be really hard for us, we're going to have to
tell the truth and be humiliated in front of the entire
world about what we've done," which I would have fought
him on probably. That was different. And by him not
calling me and saying that, you know, I knew what that
meant.(284)
Ms. Jones's lawyers served Ms. Lewinsky with a subpoena on
December 19, 1997. Ms. Lewinsky contacted Vernon Jordan, who in
turn put her in contact with attorney Frank Carter.(285) Based on
the information that Ms. Lewinsky provided, Mr. Carter prepared
an affidavit which stated: "I have never had a sexual
relationship with the President."(286)
After Mr. Carter drafted the affidavit, Ms. Lewinsky spoke
to the President by phone on January 5th.(287) She asked the
President if he wanted to see the draft affidavit. According to
Ms. Lewinsky, the President replied that he did not need to see
it because he had already "seen 15 others."(288)
Mr. Jordan confirmed that President Clinton knew that
Ms. Lewinsky planned to execute an affidavit denying a sexual
relationship.(289) Mr. Jordan further testified that he informed
President Clinton when Ms. Lewinsky signed the affidavit.(290)
Ms. Lewinsky's affidavit was sent to the federal court in
Arkansas on January 16, 1998 -- the day before the President's
deposition -- as part of her motion to quash the deposition
subpoena.
Two days before the President's deposition, his lawyer,
Robert Bennett, obtained a copy of Ms. Lewinsky's affidavit from
Mr. Carter.(291) At the President's deposition, Ms. Jones's counsel
asked questions about the President's relationship with
Ms. Lewinsky. Mr. Bennett objected to the "innuendo" of the
questions, noting that Ms. Lewinsky had signed an affidavit
denying a sexual relationship, which according to Mr. Bennett,
indicated that "there is absolutely no sex of any kind in any
manner, shape or form."(292) Mr. Bennett said that the President
was "fully aware of Ms. Lewinsky's affidavit."(293) Mr. Bennett
affirmatively used the affidavit in an effort to cut off
questioning. The President said nothing -- even though, as he
knew, the affidavit was false. Judge Wright overruled the
objection and allowed the questioning to continue.
Later, Mr. Bennett read Ms. Lewinsky's affidavit denying a
"sexual relationship" to the President and asked him: "Is that a
true and accurate statement as far as you know it?" The
President answered: "That is absolutely true."(294)
B. Summary of President's Grand Jury Testimony
The President told the grand jury: "[D]id I hope
[Ms. Lewinsky would] be able to get out of testifying on an
affidavit? Absolutely. Did I want her to execute a false
affidavit? No, I did not."(295) The President did not explain how
a full and truthful affidavit -- for example, an affidavit
admitting that they engaged in oral sex and that Vernon Jordan
had been involved, at the President's request, in late 1997 and
early 1998 in obtaining Ms. Lewinsky a job -- would have helped
her avoid a deposition.
When questioned about his phone conversation with
Ms. Lewinsky on December 17, 1997 -- during which the President
suggested filing an affidavit -- the President testified that he
did not remember exactly what he had said.(296) The President also
maintained that Ms. Lewinsky's affidavit, as it ultimately was
filed denying a "sexual relationship," was not necessarily
inaccurate. He testified that, depending on Ms. Lewinsky's state
of mind, her statement denying a sexual relationship could have
been true.
I believe at the time that she filled out this
affidavit, if she believed that the definition of
sexual relationship was two people having intercourse,
then this is accurate. And I believe that is the
definition that most ordinary Americans would give
it.(297)
At his grand jury appearance, the President also was asked
about his counsel's statement to Judge Wright that Ms. Lewinsky's
affidavit denying a "sexual relationship" was equivalent to
saying "there is absolutely no sex of any kind in any manner,
shape or form" with President Clinton. Given the President's
interpretation of the term "sexual relationship" to require
sexual intercourse, the President was asked how he lawfully could
have sat silent while his attorney -- in the President's presence
and on his behalf -- made a false statement to a United States
District Judge in an effort to forestall further questioning.
The President offered several responses.
First, the President maintained that he was not paying "much
attention" when Mr. Bennett said that there is "absolutely no sex
of any kind" between the President and Ms. Lewinsky."(298) The
President further stated: "That moment, that whole argument just
passed me by. I was a witness."(299) The President's explanation
is difficult to reconcile with the videotape of the deposition,
which shows that the President was looking in Mr. Bennett's
direction when his counsel made this statement.
Alternatively, the President contended that when Mr. Bennett
said that "there is absolutely no sex of any kind," Mr. Bennett
was speaking only in the present tense and thus was making a
completely true statement. The President further stated: "It
depends on what the meaning of the word 'is' is,"(300) and that
"actually, in the present tense that is an accurate statement."(301)
Before the grand jury, counsel for the OIC then asked the
President: "Do you mean today that because you were not engaging
in sexual activity with Ms. Lewinsky during the deposition that
the statement of Mr. Bennett might be literally true?"(302) The
President responded: "No, sir. I mean that at the time of the
deposition, it had been -- that was well beyond any point of
improper contact between me and Ms. Lewinsky."(303) The President's
suggestion that he might have engaged in such a detailed parsing
of the words at his deposition is at odds with his assertion that
the "whole argument passed me by."
Finally, the President took issue with the notion that he
had any duty to prevent his attorney from making a false
statement to Judge Wright: "Mr. Bennett was representing me. I
wasn't representing him."(304) That is a truism. Yet when a
witness is knowingly responsible for a misstatement of fact to a
federal judge that misleads the Court and attempts to prevent
questioning on a relevant subject, that conduct rises to the
level of an obstruction of justice.
C. Evidence Regarding Cover Stories
The affidavit was not the only part of the scheme in which
both the President and Ms. Lewinsky would lie under oath.
Ms. Lewinsky testified that, as part of their mutual concealment
efforts, she and President Clinton formulated "cover stories" to
explain Ms. Lewinsky's presence in the West Wing and Oval Office.
When Ms. Lewinsky worked at the White House, she and the
President agreed that Ms. Lewinsky would tell people that she was
coming to the Oval Office to deliver papers or to have papers
signed, when in truth she was going to the Oval Office to have a
sexual encounter with the President.(305)
While employed at the White House, Ms. Lewinsky used this
cover story on several occasions.(306) It worked: Several Secret
Service officers testified that they understood that Ms. Lewinsky
was at the Oval Office to deliver or to pick up papers.(307) In
fact, however, Ms. Lewinsky stated that her White House job never
required her to deliver papers or obtain the President's
signature, although she carried papers as a prop.(308)
After she was transferred to the Pentagon, Ms. Lewinsky
testified that she and the President formulated a second "cover
story": that Ms. Lewinsky was going to the White House to visit
Betty Currie rather than the President. Ms. Lewinsky testified
that she and the President discussed how "Betty always needed to
be the one to clear me in so that, you know, I could always say I
was coming to see Betty."(309) Ms. Lewinsky testified that she met
with the President privately on ten occasions after she left her
job at the White House.(310) Ms. Currie signed her in for each of
those private visits.(311)
Ms. Lewinsky has stated that her true purpose in visiting
the White House on these occasions was to see President Clinton,
not Ms. Currie.(312) President Clinton agreed that "just about
every time" that Ms. Lewinsky came to see Ms. Currie when he was
there, Ms. Lewinsky saw him as well.(313)
Ms. Lewinsky testified that President Clinton encouraged her
to continue to use the cover stories to conceal their
relationship after her name appeared on the witness list in the
Jones case. In her early-morning phone conversation with
President Clinton on December 17, 1997 -- the same conversation
in which the President told her that her name was on the witness
list and suggested that she file an affidavit if subpoenaed(314) --
Ms. Lewinsky discussed cover stories with the President:
ML: At some point in the conversation, and I don't
know if it was before or after the subject of the
affidavit came up, he sort of said, "You know, you
can always say you were coming to see Betty or
that you were bringing me letters." Which I
understood was really a reminder of things that we
had discussed before.
Q: So when you say things you had discussed, sort of
ruses that you had developed.
ML: Right. I mean, this was -- this was something
that -- that was instantly familiar to me.
Q: Right.
ML: And I knew exactly what he meant.
Q: Had you talked with him earlier about these false
explanations about what you were doing visiting
him on several occasions?
ML: Several occasions throughout the entire
relationship. Yes. It was the pattern of the
relationship, to sort of conceal it.(315)
President Clinton used those same deceptive cover stories
during his deposition in the Jones case. In the civil
deposition, when asked if he had met with Ms. Lewinsky "several
times" while she worked at the White House, the President
responded that he had seen her on two or three occasions during
the government shutdown, "and then when she worked at the White
House, I think there was one or two other times when she brought
some documents to me."(316) When asked if he was ever alone with
Ms. Lewinsky in the Oval Office, the President stated:
[W]hen she worked at the legislative affairs office,
they always had somebody there on the weekends. . . .
Sometimes they'd bring me things on the weekends. In
that case, whatever time she would be in there, drop it
off, exchange a few words and go, she was there. . . .
It's possible that she, in, while she was working
there, brought something to me and that at the time she
brought it to me, she was the only person there,
That's possible.(317)
The pattern of devising cover stories in an effort to
forestall an inquiry into the relationship continued even after
Ms. Lewinsky was subpoenaed to testify. On January 5, 1998, she
met with her attorney, Frank Carter, and discussed questions that
she might be asked at a deposition. One of the questions was how
she had obtained her Pentagon job. Ms. Lewinsky worried that if
the Jones lawyers checked with the White House about the
transfer, some at the White House would say unflattering things
about why she had been terminated.(318) Ms. Lewinsky spoke to
President Clinton on the phone that evening and asked for advice
on how to answer the question. Ms. Lewinsky testified that the
President responded, "[Y]ou could always say that the people in
Legislative Affairs got it for you or helped you get it" -- a
story that Ms. Lewinsky stated was misleading because
Ms. Lewinsky in fact had been transferred because she was around
the Oval Office too much.(319) President Clinton knew the truth.
D. The President's Grand Jury Testimony on Cover Stories
The President testified that before he knew that
Ms. Lewinsky was a witness in the Jones case, he "might well"
have told Ms. Lewinsky that she could offer the cover stories if
questioned about her presence in the West Wing and Oval Office:
Q: Did you ever say anything like that, you can
always say that you were coming to see Betty or
bringing me letters? Was that part of any kind of
a, anything you said to her or a cover story,
before you had any idea she was going to be part
of Paula Jones?
WJC: I might well have said that.
Q: Okay.
WJC: Because I certainly didn't want this to come out,
if I could help it. And I was concerned about
that. I was embarrassed about it. I knew it was
wrong.(320)
However, no doubt aware of the significance of the question,
the President testified that he did not remember whether he had
discussed the cover stories with Ms. Lewinsky during the December
17, 1997, conversation,(321) or at any time after Ms. Lewinsky's
name appeared on the Jones witness list:
Q: Did you tell [Ms. Lewinsky] anytime in December
something to that effect: You know, you can
always say that you were coming to see Betty or
you were bringing me letters? Did you say that,
or anything like that, in December '97 or January
'98, to Monica Lewinsky?
WJC: Well, that's a very broad question. I do not
recall saying anything like that in connection
with her testimony. I could tell you what I do
remember saying, if you want to know. But I don't
-- we might have talked about what to do in a
nonlegal context at some point in the past, but I
have no specific memory of that conversation.
I do remember what I said to her about the
possible testimony.
* * * *
Q: Did you say anything like [the cover stories] once
you knew or thought she might be a witness in the
Jones case? Did you repeat the statement, or
something like it to her?
WJC: Well, again, I don't recall, and I don't recall
whether I might have done something like that, for
example, if somebody says, what if the reporters
ask me this, that or the other thing. I can tell
you this: In the context of whether she could be a
witness, I have a recollection that she asked me,
well, what do I do if I get called as a witness,
and I said, you have to get a lawyer. And that's
all I said. And I never asked her to lie.
Q: Did you tell her to tell the truth?
WJC: Well, I think the implication was she would tell the
truth.(322)
E. Summary
There is substantial and credible information that the
President and Ms. Lewinsky reached an understanding that both of
them would lie under oath when asked whether they had a sexual
relationship (a conspiracy to obstruct justice or to commit
perjury, in criminal law terms). Indeed, a tacit or express
agreement to make false statements would have been an essential
part of their December and January discussions, lest one of the
two testify truthfully in the Jones case and thereby incriminate
the other as a perjurer.
There also is substantial and credible information that
President Clinton endeavored to obstruct justice by suggesting
that Ms. Lewinsky file an affidavit to avoid her deposition,
which would "lock in" her testimony under oath, and to attempt to
avoid questions at his own deposition -- all to impede the
gathering of discoverable evidence in the Jones v. Clinton
litigation.(323)
During the course of their relationship, the President and
Ms. Lewinsky also discussed and used cover stories to justify her
presence in and around the Oval Office area. The evidence
indicates -- given Ms. Lewinsky's unambiguous testimony and the
President's lack of memory, as well as the fact that they both
planned to lie under oath -- that the President suggested the
continued use of the cover stories even after Ms. Lewinsky was
named as a potential witness in the Jones litigation. At no time
did the President tell Ms. Lewinsky to abandon these stories and
to tell the truth about her visits, nor did he ever indicate to
her that she should tell the truth under oath about the
relationship. While the President testified that he could not
remember such conversations about the cover stories, he had
repeated the substance of the cover stories in his Jones
deposition. The President's use of false cover stories in
testimony under oath in his Jones deposition strongly
corroborates Ms. Lewinsky's testimony that he suggested them to
her on December 17 as a means of avoiding disclosure of the truth
of their relationship.
Next: Grounds VII - XI